Vol. 8 · No. 1 · 2004
The Role of Nomadic Camels for Manuring Farmers' Fields in the Sokoto Close Settled Zone of Northwest NigeriaIrene Hoffmann and Isiaka Mohammed
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In northern Nigeria, a crop-livestock interaction has prevailed, based on exchange relations between segregated producer groups (McIntire et al.1992). Mobility of pastoral livestock forms an integral part of that system and pastoral movement to particular sites occurs regularly. Main determinants for pastoralists' choice of trekking routes are access rights to water and rangeland, and whether access to crop residues is given at affordable costs. Over time, institutional arrangements have evolved that ensure movement and help resolve conflicts between farmers and pastoralists.